유럽으로 들어오는 이민자들은 어떤 루트를 이용할까?

Financial Times - 2022.11.23

 

 

 

 

Über den Seeweg angekommene Flüchtlinge (바다를 통한 난민)

 

2018 sind bisher insgesamt 63142 Flüchtlinge über den Seeweg in der EU angekommen.

(2018년에 바다를 통해 EU에 도착한 난민이 63142명입니다.)

 

1527 Flüchtlinge sind gestorben oder gelten als vermisst.

(1527 명의 난민이 사망했거나 실종 된 것으로 간주됩니다.)

 

 

Vorjahreszeitraum: 지난해 같은 기간

GRIECHENLAND :  그리스

 

Quelle: International Organization for Migration, 1. Januar bis 15. August 2018

자료 출처 : 국제 이주기구 (2018.01.01-08.15)

 

출처 : Der Spiegel - 2018.08.25

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2018년도 5월 vs 2019년 5월 도착 이민자 수 비교

 

바다를 통해 들어오는 이민자 숫자는 확실히 감소하였습니다.

자료출처 : Quellen: Frontex, IOM, TNI-Bericht »Building Walls« 2018

 

출처 : Der Spiegel - 2019.06.15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

출처 : Le Monde - 2018.06.28

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Western Mediterranean route

Violent standoffs between Spanish authorities and migrants from the Maghreb and West Africa at the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in Morocco marked this route in 2013. While arrivals into the EU through this passage grew by a modest 6.9% compared to 2012, the border received attention as large groups of migrants attempted to jump over a very high fence separating the two enclaves from Moroccan territory. On at least one occasion, it resulted in Spanish guards shooting at migrants with rubber bullets.

 

 

Central Mediterranean route (Italy and Malta)

By far the deadliest and most popular route into the European Union, this perilous passage saw a massive jump in 2013. Eritreans and Syrians in particular flocked to Lampedusa, a tiny Italian island off the coast of Italy as well as the shores of Sicily and Malta. The overwhelming majority departed Libya and attempted to cross the Mediterranean in dinghies or overcrowded wooden fishing boats. The deepening lawlessness in Libya has allowed criminal migrant-smuggling gangs to thrive. Italy says it has rescued some 25,000 migrants on this route since the beginning of the year. This indicates 2014 could see more people using this route than in 2011, when arrivals hit their highest levels on record as tens of thousands of Tunisians, Libyans and Egyptians fled their countries during the Arab Spring turmoil.

 

 

Apulia and Calabria (Italy)

This route, which was largely flat in 2013, is observed separately to the Central Mediterranean crossing to Italy because migrants end up there through a different passage. Syrians in particular use it to advance toward Northern Europe through Italy and Austria. There are two main ways people arrive here: one constitutes the second leg of a journey that started with Greece, as migrants hide on ferries or other vessels departing from Patras, the Greek port on the coast of the Peloponnese, for the Italian East coast. The other is far more perilous: migrants leave the western Turkish coast, cross the Aegean over Crete and arrive at Apulia and Calabria. The latter route is extremely dangerous – it’s long and crosses high seas – so fewer migrants take it.

 

 

Western Balkan route

Thousands of citizens of Kosovo, the small country that emerged violently from the Balkan Wars, flocked to Hungary via the Serbian border and sought asylum in the EU in 2013. Their numbers were more than five-fold than the year before, although arrivals dropped dramatically as Hungary launched a more restrictive border-management campaign and increased the number of flights which returned Kosovars back to Pristina, the country’s capital. Pakistanis and Afghans detected on this route tended to arrive in Greece and continue north through the Balkans, hoping to reach richer EU member states in Northern Europe.

 

 

Eastern Mediterranean route (Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus)

This route has historically competed with the Central Mediterranean as the top gateway to the EU for undocumented migrants. In 2013 it was the second most popular route, and saw a significant decline compared to 2012, mainly because of the increased security measures – including a 10 km-long wall – at the land border between Greece and Turkey. This was mainly because of the thousands of Syrians fleeing their war-torn homeland. Most ended up in Bulgaria and Greece, having being smuggled through Turkey. Greece and Bulgaria have come under harsh criticism by the European Commission, the EU executive arm, as well as human-rights groups for their treatment of migrants.

 

 

Eastern border route

A less popular route into the EU because of the massive distances that migrants must travel to use it, the Eastern border route saw a decline in arrivals in 2013. It includes border crossings in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. Most detections were reported at the land border between Slovakia and Ukraine in 2013.

 

 

원본보기 <Washington Post Journal>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

출처 : Der Spiegel - 2019.07.20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  <From : Economist>

 

 

 

출처 : The Economist - 2018.07.21

 

 

 

 

 

출처 : The Economist 2018.03.31

 

 

 

 

 

 

<Newsweek 19 June 2015>

참고자료

National Geographic

 

 

 

 

 

 

유럽을 향하다 죽은 아프리카 이민자 사망자 지도

Le Monde - 2022.11.20-21

 

 

https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/11/19/migrations-la-mort-aux-frontieres-de-l-union-europeenne_6150647_3210.html

Migrations : la mort aux frontières de l’Union européenne