1890년 인도차이나 반도에서 '영국 VS 프랑스' 지도

BRITISH AND FRENCH EMPIRES IN INDIA, SRI LANKA, AND SOUTHEAST ASIA, CA. 1890

The French annexation of Indochina in the 1880s led the British to consolidate their hold over Burma and Malaya. In India and Malaysia, the British Raj was a mixture of direct and indirect rule.

In some regions, such as the Indian Princely States, indigenous rulers exercised local control but were ultimately subordinate to British colonial authorities. In other regions, such as the Malaya Federated and Straits Settlement regions, British officials ruled directly. French rule in Indochina was also a mix of direct and indirect rule over three Vietnam administrative regions—Cochin China, Annam, and Tonkin.

출처 : The Modern World - by Sarolta Takács, Ph.D. (2008) - Asia and the Pacific 편 55page