국가별 농업용지는 왜 모양이 다를까요? 2편

앞편에 관해 자료를 찾다보니 Guardian에서 소개한 기사가 있어서 가져왔습니다.

가디언도 물론 NASA에서 가져온 내용을 집대성 했더라구요

 

이 장소들을 Google map에서 일일이 찾아서 embeded시켰습니다. ㅠ.ㅠ

다른 말로 할일이 없었다 라는 뜻이겠지만 ...

 

찾다보니, 중세시대 관련 지역은 본문의 내용상 프랑스로 찾았어야 했는데,

1편에서 독일이 예시라, 그냥 독일로 했습니다.

이런들 어떠하리...저런들 어떠하리....

 

 

 

1. Agricultural fields south-west of Perdizes, Brazil, photographed from the international space station. A mix of regularly gridded polygonal fields and circular centre-pivot fields mark the human land use of the region. Small tributary streams (and their adjacent floodplains) of the Araguari river extend throughout the agricultural landscape. The visual diversity of field forms is matched by the variety of crops produced here: sunflowers, wheat, potatoes, coffee, rice, soybeans and corn

 

This astronaut photograph illustrates the diverse agricultural landscape in the western part of Minas Gerais state in Brazil. Though most widely known for its mineral wealth, Minas Gerais is also a large agricultural producer for Brazil.

 

The fields in this image are located southwest of the city of Perdizes, which means “partridges” in Portuguese. A mix of regularly-gridded polygonal fields and circular center-pivot fields marks the human use of the region. Small streams (and their adjacent floodplains) of the Araguari River extend like fingers throughout the landscape.

 

The visual diversity of the field forms is matched by the variety of crops: sunflowers, wheat, potatoes, coffee, rice, soybeans, and corn are among the products of the region. While the Northern Hemisphere is still in the grip of winter, crops are growing in the Southern Hemisphere, as indicated by the many green fields. Fallow fields—not in active agricultural use—display the violet, reddish, and light tan soils common to this part of Brazil. Darker soils are often rich in iron and aluminum oxides, and are typical of highly weathered soil that forms in hot, humid climates.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Vestiges of Medieval Brittany among signs of modern civilisation in this simulated natural colour satellite image of Chateaubriant, France. The small city is silver, coloured by light bouncing off the reflective surfaces. The surrounding country is an irregular patchwork of small fields, reflecting land use in the Middle Ages. Plant-covered land is still green and water is dark blue. By late November, crops had been harvested and many of the fields were bare. The exposed soil ranges from pale tan to brown in the image. Other fields (possibly pastures) remained green, even late in the year. Patches of forest on the right and lower edges of the image are brown and dark green

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. In Minnesota the very regular grid pattern reflects early 19th-century surveying; the size of the fields was determined by the need to have a big enough area to make the use of machinery efficient

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Near Santa Cruz, Bolivia, the radial-pattern fields are part of a planned settlement scheme(the Tierras Baja project) in a rainforest area. At the centre of each unit is a small community, which is surrounded by fields. A small buffer of forest separates the settlements from one another

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Outside Bangkok, Thailand, rice fields fed by an extensive network of canals that is hundreds of years old appear as skinny rectangular fields. Some fields seem to be flooded (deep purple), which is part of the growing cycle of rice plants

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. From mainland Ukraine, the Crimean peninsula extends southward, bordered on the west by the Black Sea and on the east by the Sea of Azov. Stretching across the peninsula is a network of shallow, marshy inlets sprawling over roughly 1,000 square miles (2,600 square kilometres). This network of lagoons is known as Sivash (also Syvash or Sivasÿ). Surrounding the marshy areas are agricultural fields, most of them rectangular, but some are shaped by centre-pivot irrigation systems. Urbanised areas appear along the shores of the Black Sea, and highways curve and zigzag across the peninsula

 

 

 

 

 

7. South of Khartoum, Sudan, where the White and Blue Nile rivers join, a dizzying arrangement of irrigated fields stretches out across the state of El Gezira. Given the semi-arid climate of the surrounding area, this geometrical spectacle of fertile green fields depends on thousands of miles of canals and ditches that connect the region to the Blue Nile in the west. The man-made rivers and streams are part of an irrigation project called the Gezira scheme, which the British started in the colonial era to grow cotton for export back to Europe

 

 

 

 

 

 

8. Resembling a work of modern art, variegated green crop circles cover what was once shortgrass prairie in south-western Kansas. The most common crops in this region are corn, wheat, and sorghum. Each of these crops is at a different point of development, accounting for the varying shades of green and yellow

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9. The south-western coastline of the Netherlands is a series of islands crisscrossed with river outlets and estuaries. The patchwork of green, cream, and lavender colours on the islands shows the prevalence of agriculture in the province and fields in various stages of growth or harvest

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10. The Orange River serves as part of the border between Namibia and South Africa. Along the banks of this river, roughly 100km (60 miles) inland from where the river empties into the Atlantic Ocean, irrigation projects take advantage of water from the river and soils from the floodplains to grow produce, turning parts of a normally earth-toned landscape emerald green

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11. Green circles in the desert frequently indicate tracts of agriculture supported by centre-pivot irrigation. The Al Khufrah oasis in south-eastern Libya is one of Libya's largest agricultural projects. Because only about 2% of Libya's land receives enough rainfall to be cultivated, this project uses fossil water from a large underground aquifer. Darker colours indicate fields where such crops as wheat and alfalfa are grown. Lighter colours can indicate a variety of agricultural processes: fields that have been harvested recently; fields that are lying fallow; fields that have just been planted; or fields that have been taken out of production

 

Green circles in the desert frequently indicate tracts of agriculture supported by center-pivot irrigation. The Al Khufrah Oasis in southeastern Libya (near the Egyptian border) is one of Libya’s largest agricultural projects, and is an easy-to-recognize landmark for orbiting astronauts aboard the International Space Station. Because only about 2 percent of Libya’s land receives enough rainfall to be cultivated, this project uses fossil water from a large underground aquifer. The Libyan government also has a plan called the Great Man Made River to pump and transport these groundwater reserves to the coast to support Libya’s growing population and industrial development.

 

The center-pivot irrigation system pumps water under pressure into a gantry or tubular arm from a central source. Anchored by a central pivot, the gantry slowly rotates over the area to be irrigated, thereby producing the circular patterns. Although the field diameters vary, these fields are approximately 0.6 mile (1 kilometer) in diameter. Darker colors indicate fields where such crops as wheat and alfalfa are grown. Lighter colors can indicate a variety of agricultural processes: fields that have been harvested recently; fields that are lying fallow; fields that have just been planted; or fields that have been taken out of production.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12. Sand dunes spill across the Snake River plain in Idaho. Freshly harvested fields line the southern boundary of the dunes, and to the north is a darker brush-covered lava plain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13. Like an image of a woven tapestry, this astronaut photograph highlights an extensive pattern of agricultural fields in southeastern Quebec, Canada. The region, known as the Chaudiere-Appalaches, is located midway between Quebec City (the provincial capital) and the border with the United States (specifically, Maine). Agriculture is a significant component of Quebec’s industries, and more than 50 percent of the food produced or processed within the province is consumed there (as of 2008, according to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada).

 

The tapestry pattern is due to the fact that the agricultural fields are closely tied to access roads, with rectangular fields extending outwards perpendicular to the roadways. A similar pattern?embedded within a different social, historical, and economic context? can be seen in the Rondonia region of western Brazil.

 

Snow cover highlights the rectangular fields interspersed with dark green forested patches. The urban area of Saint Georges (image right) is visible as a light gray region along the Chaudiere River. The Parc national de Frontenac borders parts of Lac (lake) St.-Francois at image lower left, providing an area for outdoor recreation within the intensive agricultural landscape.

 

 

<From : NASA, Guardian>