북극의 빙하가 가장 많이 줄어들었을때 사진

Approaching the 2011 Arctic Sea Ice Minimum

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                     

 

위의 동영상은 March 7 - September 9, 2011 에 수집된 영상입니다.


최근에 삼성중공업에 요상한 선박 발주가 들어오더군요.
LNG운반선인데 쇄빙기능이 들어간 선박입니다.

짐작하셨다 시피 위의 그림과 관계가 깊습니다.
북극해 인근의 천연가스를 운반하다보면, 얼어버린 바다를 만날 수 있습니다.

그럴때 왠만하면 얼음을 깨버리던지
혹은 후진을 해서 나와야 합니다.

그래서 프로펠러가 360도로 돌 수 있는 기능이 들어갑니다.





아래 나오는 사진은 2011년 9월 9일에 찍은 것 입니다.

 

Every year, the frozen Arctic Ocean emerges from winter and thaws under the 24-hour light of the summer sun. Each year is different: sometimes ice retreats from the shores in dramatic fashion and other years have a more gradual melt. 2011 proved to be a year of extreme melt. By early September, the area covered by sea ice in the Arctic Ocean was approaching a record low.

This animation shows the melt during the summer of 2011. (Click the link below the image to download.) The animation was made with measurements taken by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS (AMSR-E) on NASA’s Aqua satellite between March 7 and September 9. The final image in the series, shown above, shows the sea ice at it lowest point so far this season. Most notably, the Northwest Passage, the sea route that threads through the islands of northern Canada to link the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, is entirely ice free. Twice-daily images provide glimpses of the open water in the Northwest Passage throughout September.

On September 9, the sea ice extent was very close to the record low set in 2007, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Scientists at the University of Bremen, who use a slightly different method to calculate sea ice extent from AMSR-E measurements, declared that 2011 surpassed 2007, setting a new record low.

On September 9, sea ice covered 4.33 million square kilometers (1.67 million square miles), NSIDC reported. The 2011 low is 2.38 million square kilometers (919,000 square miles) below the average minimum extent measured between 1979 and 2000. Late season melt or a shift in wind patterns could still decrease the sea ice extent before the winter freeze-up begins.




Economist에도 아래와 같은 기사가 나왔습니다.

Melting Arctic sea-ice and shipping routes

Northern exposure

Sep 22nd 2011, 17:59 by The Economist online

Within four years, Arctic sea-ice cover has twice reached record lows

IN THE 16th century English navigators, cut off from the riches of the Indies by the growing Spanish and Portuguese empires, sought to reach Asia by sailing close to the North Pole. They failed, because so much of the Arctic ocean was frozen.

No longer. Global warming is opening summer sea lanes through the ice, along the north-west passage sought by Martin Frobisher and the north-east one sought by Hugh Willoughby. Both have now been navigated—the north-east (or northern route, as it is known to Russians) most recently in August by a Russian supertanker, assisted by two icebreakers, as our Science & Technology article explains. In later life Barnes Wallace, the designer of the bouncing bombs used in the Dambuster raid by the RAF on Germany during the second world war, attempted to interest anyone who would listen in the idea of cargo-carrying submarines that could travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic under the Arctic ice. Even he, however, did not conceive of the idea of melting that ice by human agency.


                                             

<From : NASA>

2011 Sea Ice Minimum

In September 2011, sea ice covering the Arctic Ocean declined to the second-lowest extent on record. Satellite data from NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) showed that the summertime ice cover narrowly avoided a new record low.

The image above was made from observations collected by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on NASA’s Aqua satellite. The map—which looks down on the North Pole—depicts sea ice extent on September 9, 2011, the date of minimum extent for the year. The animation (link below the image) shows the growth and decline of sea ice from September 2010 to September 2011.

Ice-covered areas range in color from white (highest concentration) to light blue (lowest concentration). Open water is dark blue, and land masses are gray. The yellow outline shows the median minimum ice extent for 1979–2000; that is, areas that were at least 15 percent ice-covered in at least half the years between 1979 and 2000.

Melt season in 2011 brought higher-than-average summer temperatures, but not the unusual weather conditions that contributed to the extreme melt of 2007, the record low. “Atmospheric and oceanic conditions were not as conducive to ice loss this year, but the melt still neared 2007 levels,” said Walt Meier of NSIDC. “This probably reflects loss of multi-year ice in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, as well as other factors that are making the ice more vulnerable.”

The low sea ice level in 2011 fits the pattern of decline over the past three decades, said Joey Comiso of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Since 1979, September Arctic sea ice extent has declined by 12 percent per decade.

“The sea ice is not only declining; the pace of the decline is becoming more drastic,” he noted. “The older, thicker ice is declining faster than the rest, making for a more vulnerable perennial ice cover.”

While the sea ice extent did not dip below the record, the area did drop slightly lower than 2007 levels for about ten days in early September 2011. Sea ice “area” differs from “extent” in that it equals the actual surface area covered by ice, while extent includes any area where ice covers at least 15 percent of the ocean.

Arctic sea ice extent on September 9, 2011, was 4.33 million square kilometers (1.67 million square miles). Averaged over the month of September, ice extent was 4.61 million square kilometers (1.78 million square miles). This places 2011 as the second lowest ice extent for both the daily minimum and the monthly average. Ice extent was 2.43 million square kilometers (938,000 square miles) below the 1979 to 2000 average.

Climate models have suggested that the Arctic could lose almost all of its summer ice cover by 2100, but in recent years, ice extent has declined faster than the models predicted.

 


2012년 3월 1일 자료 추가

위의 자료는 북극의 빙하가 가장 줄어들었을때 사진 (여름철)에 대한 정보라면
이번에는 겨울철 빙하의 모습입니다.

앞의 사진은 'acquired November 1, 1979 - January 31, 1980' 이고요

두번째 사진은 'acquired November 1, 2011 - January 31, 2012' 입니다.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Environment - Science, Issues, Solutions by Brendan Burrell, Manuel Molles (2016) W. H.Freeman - 445page

 

 

 

 

이렇게 되면
북극해 연안의 천연가스 채취는 좀 수월해 지겠군요.